Fauna and Flora

Bakalovia orientalis sp. nov. (Mammalia, Anthracotheriidae), partial cranium (holotype SAU 3-21), ventro-lateral view (from Böhme et al., 2013: fig.10).

Epiaceratherium naduongense sp. nov. (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) from Na Duong (layer 80), holotype (SAU-10); (A) Cranium, in dorsal view; (B) Cranium, in palatine view; (C) Mandible, in right lateral view; (D) Anterior upper dentition (I1-3 + C), in lingual view. Tentative reconstruction of the premaxilla-maxilla region based on that of the early rhinocerotid Trigonias (modified from Radinsky, 1966); (E) Upper dentition, right tooth row (DP1-M3), in occlusal view; (F) Lower dentition, with left p1-m3 and right p1-p4, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 50 mm (A–D) and 25 mm (E–F) (from Böhme et al., 2013: fig.20).

Fossils from Na Duong coal mine, bed #81. (A and B) Different-shaped phosphatic coprolites referred to crocodiles. (C and D) Tibia (C) and ulna (D) of a tragulid or lophomericid. (E) Shell of geoemydid turtle (carapax length 35 cm). (F) Shell of a trionychid turtle (carapax length 15 cm) (scale in mm).

Fishes and crocodiles from Cao Bang brickyard. (A and B) Barbinae sp. 1. Scale bar = 1 mm. (C–E) Barbinae sp. 2. Scale bar = 1 mm. (F and G) Barbinae sp. 3. Scale bar = 2 mm. (H and I) Barbinae nov. gen. Scale bar = 5 mm. (J) Labeoninae indet. Scale bar = 1 mm. (K) ?Tomistominae indet. Scale bar = 5 mm. (L) Gobioninae indet. Scale bar = 2 mm. (M) Xenocyprininae sp. 1. Scale bar = 1 mm. (N) Xenocyprininae sp. 2. Scale bar = 1 mm. (O) Cultrinae sp. 1. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fossils from Na Duong coal mine. Scale bars = 1 cm. (A–C) Gastropods. (A and B) ?Tarebia sp.; latex casts from external moulds. (C) Viviparidae indet. (D) ?Isoetes sp.; corm with roots. (E–I) Unionidae. (E) ?Cuneopsis sp. 3; partial internal mould of articulated specimen. (F and G) Unionini indet.; articulated specimens with preserved shell. (H) Anodontini sp. 1; internal mould of articulated specimen. (I) Anodontini sp. 2; partial internal mould of articulated specimen. All specimens coated with NH3Cl.

Molluscs from Cao Bang brickyard. (A) Hydrobiidae indet. Scale bar = 1 mm. (B–G) Unionidae. Scale bars = 1 cm. (B) Cuneopsis sp. 1; hinge fragments of two right valves. (C) Juvenile Lamprotula sp.; right valve showing typical W-shaped wrinkles. (D) Cuneopsis sp. 1; articulated specimen. (E) Lamprotula sp.; articulated specimen. (F) ?Lamprotula sp.; specimen in butterﬂy-position; latex cast of external mould. (G) ?Hyropsis/Cristaria sp.; articulated specimen. Specimens B, D–F coated with NH3Cl.

Selected plant remains from the Na Duong Formation (all scale bars = 1 cm); (A) Fragment of a fern with open, dichotomous venation, morphologically resembling Pronephrium stiriacum (Unger) Knobloch & Z. Kvaček from the European Tertiary (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/619); (B) Leaf of Bauhinia sp. (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/611); (C) Seeds of Nelumbo sp. (layer 81, GPIT/PL/609); (D) Rhizome of Nelumbo sp. (layer 70, GPIT/PL/610); (E) Bulbous base of a plant of Nelumbo sp. with attached rootlets (layer 70, GPIT/PL/617) (misidentified by Böhme et al., 2011 as Isoëtes sp.); (F) Unidentified entire margined leaf (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/612); (G) Unidentified non-entire margined (toothed) leaf morphologically resembling the extinct Fagaceae Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis (Rossmaessler) Walther & Z. Kvaček from the European Paleogene (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/619); (H) Unidentified non-entire margined (toothed) leaf with closely spaced teeth (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/613); (I) Detail of H showing small teeth on leaf margin; (J) Unidentified non-entire margined (toothed) leaf with relatively coarse teeth (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/618); (K) Unidentified non-entire margined (toothed) leaf with widely spaced, small teeth (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/620); (L) Unidentified entire margined leaf (layer 80B, GPIT/PL/616) (from Böhme et al., 2013: fig.26).

(A) Stem of a large-sized arborescent Osmundaceae fern (Na Duong coal mine, bed #81; scale 1 cm). (B) Lower? ﬁrst molar of a tragulid or lophomericid (Hang Mon coal mine), from left to right: labial, occlusal, lingual (scale 1 cm).

Tubers and rhizomes of water lilies (Nelumbo sp.)

Publications

Massonne, T., Vasilyan, D., Rabi, M., Böhme, M. 2019: A new alligatoroid from the Eocene of Vietnam highlights an extinct Asian clade independent from extant Alligator sinensis. PeerJ 7:e7562, DOI 10.7717/peerj.7562

Garbin, R.C., Böhme, M., Joyce, W.G., 2019: A new testudinoid turtle from the middle to late Eocene of Vietnam. PeerJ 7:e6280, DOI 10.7717/peerj.6280

Raheem, D.C., Schneider, S., Böhme, M., Vasiliyan, D., Prieto, J. 2018: The oldest known cyclophoroidean land snails (Caenogastropoda) from Asia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16(15): 1301-1317

Prieto, J., Antoine, P.O., van der Made, J., Métais, G., Lac The Phuc, Quý Truong Quan, Schneider, S., Dang Ngoc Tran, Vasilyan, D., Luong The Viet, Böhme, M. (2017): Biochronological and palaeobiogeographical significance of the earliest Miocene mammal fauna from Northern Vietnam. - Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments doi: 10.1007/s12549-017-0295-y.

Böhme, M., Aiglstorfer, M., Antoine, P-O., Appel, E., Havlik, P., Métais, G., Laq The Phuc, Schneider, S., Setzer, F., Tappert, R., Dang Ngoc Tran, Uhl, D., Prieto, J. (2013): Na Duong (northern Vietnam) - an exceptional window into Eocene ecosystems from Southeast Asia. - Zitteliana A 53: 120-167.

Schneider, S., Böhme, M. & Prieto, J. (2012): Unionidae (Bivalvia; Palaeoheterodonta) from the Palaeogene of northern Vietnam: exploring the origins of the modern East Asian freshwater bivalve fauna.- Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, iFirst 2012, 1–21. DOI:10.1080/14772019.2012.665085

Neubauer, T. A., Schneider, S., Böhme, M. & Prieto, J. (2012): First records of freshwater rissooidean gastropods from the Paleogene of Southeast Asia.- Journal of Molluscan Studies 78(3): 275-282.

Böhme, M., Prieto, J., Schneider, S., Nguyen Viet Hung, Do Duc Quang, Dang Ngoc Tran (2011): The Cenozoic on-shore basins of Northern Vietnam: Biostratigraphy, vertebrate and invertebrate faunas. - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(2): 672-687.