Faculty of Science

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22.06.2018

Polar ice may be softer than we thought

Tübingen and international researchers investigate ice flow speed in northern Greenland, correcting models predicting sea level change

Map of the area investigated in northern Greenland. Until now it was assumed that melting at the bottom of the ice sheet and the resulting glide affected some 50 percent of the area. The new measurements indicate that a much smaller area of ice has been affected so far. Image: Paul D. Bons, Ilka Weikusat

Ice is a material that can flow like a very viscous liquid. In the polar ice sheets, it flows towards the oceans under its own weight. Knowing how fast the ice flows is of crucial importance to predict future sea level rises, particularly under changing climate conditions. Professor Paul Bons and Junior Professor Ilka Weikusat from the University of Tübingen’s Geosciences Department, working with scientists from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, the University of Otago (New Zealand) and the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), used flow velocities at the surface of the northern Greenland Ice Sheet for a new study now published in Geophysical Research Letters. These data from satellite images suggest that the polar ice is softer than scientists believed until now.

The flow has two components: the internal shearing flow that depends on the viscosity of the ice, and basal motion, which is the ice sheet sliding along the bedrock, especially when the ice melts at that base. From the surface velocities of the ice the researchers calculated the stresses that drive the flow.

Previous studies indicated that up to 50 percent of the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at its base. “This new study shows that that is probably overestimated, because previous studies assumed ice to be harder than it actually is,” says Paul Bons. The new assessment significantly reduces the area where basal motion – and therefore basal melting can be expected in the Greenland study area. “This does not necessarily mean that ice will now enter the oceans more slowly and delay sea-level rise. Instead, the results suggest that the internal deformation of ice is more important than was thought before,” Ilka Weikusat explains. The new findings will be used to adapt the models predicting sea level changes.

The share of ice transport towards the oceans between melting at the base or internal shearing of the whole ice body has to be reconsidered, but cannot be determined from surface data alone. Instead, deep drill cores into fast flowing ice are important, such as the ongoing EastGRIP project in which some of the authors are involved.

Publication:

Bons, P.D., Kleiner, T., Llorens, M.G., Prior, D.J., Sachau, T., Weikusat, I. Jansen, D.

Greenland Ice Sheet – Higher non linearity of ice flow significantly reduces estimated basal motion. Geophysical Research Letters. First published: 19 June 2018. Doi:10.1029/2018GL078356

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2018GL078356

Contact:

Professor Dr. Paul D. Bons

University of Tübingen – Faculty of Science

Geosciences – Structural Geology

Phone +49 7071 29-76469

paul.bonsspam prevention@uni-tuebingen.de

Junior Professor Dr. Ilka Weikusat

University of Tübingen – Faculty of Science – Geosciences – Glaciology

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Phone +49 471 4831 1968

ilka.weikusatspam prevention@uni-tuebingen.de

Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
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Dr. Karl Guido Rijkhoek
Director

Janna Eberhardt
Research Reporter
Phone +49 7071 29-76753
Fax +49 7071 29-5566
janna.eberhardtspam prevention@uni-tuebingen.de

https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications.html

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