Uni-Tübingen

Sub-Project B03: Avalanches as Threats to Social Order: Disaster Traditions in the Central Alps (19th and 20th Century)

Abstract

This project – situated in the field of Historical and Cultural Anthropology – deals with local forms of Alpine disaster culture. By looking at two disastrous avalanches (Blons 1954; Galtür 1999), it will discuss whether and to what degree such extreme occurrences threaten social orders in the affected societies. At the same time, the project asks which interpretative patterns and strategies for action were sought out by the respective groups to cope with the sudden onset of these disasters.

Project Team

Project Leader:

Prof. Dr. Reinhard Johler

Ph.D. Students:

Jan Hinrichsen, M. A.
Sandro Ratt, M. A.

Student Assistant:

Jan Lange

Florian Mittelhammer

and Luisa Mell

Academic Disciplines and Orientation

Historical and Cultural Anthropology

Project Description

This project in the field of Historical and Cultural Anthropology is situated within Project Area B “disasters”. Disasters are characterized by their great potential to create a threat that is generally unleashed quickly and unexpectedly, and can result in drastic consequences such as destruction, injury, and death. By and large, the actual existence of such disasters goes unquestioned; also the threat itself is usually undisputable, but there are often divergent interpretations of these events. Disasters evoke strong emotions; they have to be mediated and processed, and they generate an intense pressure to take quick action and establish communication. As a result, they possess an enormous potential to bring about change and can thus be seen as motors behind innovation and accelerated social change.

Two case studies: Blons (1954) and Galtür (1999)

This project focuses on two catastrophic disasters. In the village of Blons in the Vorarlberg region, thirteen avalanches discharged into the valley in January 1954, leaving 57 residents dead in their wake. In the so-called “avalanche winter” of 1999, the ski resort town of Galtür in Tyrol was hit by an avalanche that cost 31 lives and destroyed a large portion of the village. Both disasters were seen as grievous events that needed to be dealt with by means of a variety of cultural, technological, and economic strategies.

Such techniques for overcoming or dealing with the situation are not only defined by the specific demands of the respective event, but they are also influenced by specific disaster traditions. These traditions develop through repeated experiences with such disasters; they become fundamental features of local culture, and they manifest themselves in preconceived patterns of perception and action when a similar threat arises. This project looks at how disaster traditions that have been passed down are linked to current crisis diagnoses and anticipatory disaster prognoses. The individual avalanche case studies examine the processes of disaster interpretation and the strategies employed to deal with the situation, as well as long-term coping strategies, within the framework of local cultural memory or retrospective media staging of the events.

In comparison to other projects within the CRC, the spatial and chronological distance between the chosen case studies is relatively small. Thus, the comparative analysis makes it possible to reveal even finer nuances within regional processes of alteration. Last but not least, the comparison of these two avalanche disasters aims to identify typical patterns of threat discourse and ways of dealing with these threats in the time period in question and to analyse the relationship between these aspects in order to trace changes within the constellation of social order in the Alps.

Project-related Lectures and Publications

Hinrichsen, Jan

Johler, Reinhard

Ratt, Sandro

Congresses, Workshops, and Conferences

Project-related Courses

Hinrichsen, Jan / Ratt, Sandro