Adjunct professor Dr. Patrick Schmidt

• Field geologist and organiser of several campaigns, University of Tübingen (Germany) – Survey and sampling of silcrete in the Australian south-east coast region.
• Field geologist and organiser of several campaigns, University of Tübingen (Germany) – Survey and sampling of silcrete in the South African coastal belt, South Coast, West Coast
• Field geologist and organiser of the campaign, University of Toulouse II le Mirail – Survey and sampling of moganite at its type locality, Island of Gran Canaria (Spain).
• Field geologist, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of paramoudras (vertical flint conduits), between Étretat and Fécamp (France).
• Field geologist and co-organiser, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities – Survey and sampling of Magadi type chert, North-east of lake Manyara (Tanzania).
• Field geologist, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities – Geological survey and sediment sampling at Makuyuni (East of lake Manyara, Tanzania).
• Field geologist, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of cherts and gaizes (silica rock) forêt d’Argonne (France).
• Field geologist, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of different sedimentary silica rocks, south of Touraine, (incl. Grand-Pressigny flint and the ‘jaspes de Fontmaure’) (France).
• Field geologist, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of flint from different horizons at Étretat (France).
• Field geologist and co-organizer, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of Bergerac flint, North of Bergerac (France).
• Field geologist and co-organiser, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle - Survey and sampling of radiolarian jasper (Palawan Island, The Philippines).

Books, book chapters and encyclopedia entry:

1.   Schmidt, P., Heat Treatment. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology.  Retrieved 26 Jul. 2019, peer-reviewed encyclopedia entry. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.45.
2.   Schmidt, P., 2020, Culture, environmental adaptation or specific problem solving? On convergence and innovation dynamics related to techniques used for stone heat treatment, In: H.S. Groucutt (Ed.), Culture History and Convergent Evolution: Can we Detect Populations in Prehistory?, Cham, Switzerland: Springer, p. 283-290.
3.   Schmidt, P., 2013, Le traitement thermique des matières premières lithiques : Que se passe-t-il lors de la chauffe ?, Oxford : Archaeopress, BAR International Series 2470, ISBN 978 1 4073 1081 7, 122 p.

Peer reviewed journals:

1. Schmidt, P., Pappas, I. Porraz, G., Berthold, C., Nickel, K.G, 2024, The driving force behind tool-stone selection in the African Middle Sone Age, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 121, 10, Article number: e2318560121.
2. Schmidt, P., Iovita, R., Charrié-Duhaut, A., Möller, G., Namen, A., Dutkiewicz, E., 2024, Ochre-based compound adhesives at the Mousterian type-site document complex cognition and high investment, Science Advances, 10, 8, Article number: eadl0822.
3. Schmidt, P., Tennie, C., 2024, Problems with two recent Petri net analyses of Neanderthal adhesive technology, Scientific Reports, 14, Article number: 10481.
4. Tsukada, Y., Schmidt, P., Bowden, S.A., 2024, Differentiating α-moganite, silanol and α‑quartz by Raman spectroscopy, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 26, p. 8195-8199.
5. Schmidt, P., Koch, T.J., Blessing, M.A., Karakostis, F.A., Harvati, K., Dresely, V., Charrié‑ Duhaut, A., 2023, Production method of the Königsaue birch tar documents cumulative culture in Neanderthals, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 15, Article number: 84.
6. Huber, H., Tafelmaier, Y., Kind, C.-J., Schmidt, P, 2023, Heat Treatment of Chert in the Early Mesolithic at Rottenburg-Siebenlinden (Southwest Germany), Lithic Technology, Published online: 18 Aug 2023 (10.1080/01977261.2023.2244779).
7. Schmidt, P., Hiscock, P., Mackay, A. 2023, Variability in Silcrete Heat Treatment at Klein Kliphuis Shelter, South Africa, and Its Role in Core Reduction, Lithic Technology, Published online: 01 Apr 2023 (DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2023.2196152).
8. Schmidt, P., Koch, T.J., Tennie., C., 2023, Reply to Paul R.B. Kozowyk: Interpreting the complexity of archaeological adhesives may lead to misconceptions about early humans, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 120, 7, Article number: e2300325120.
9. Koch, T.J., Schmidt, P., 2023, Adhesive Strength and Rupture Behaviour of Birch Tars Made with Different Stone Age Methods, Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 6, Article number: 8.
10.   Nickel, K.G., Schmid, P., 2022, Knapping force as a function of stone heat treatment, PLoS ONE, 17, 12, Article number: e0278643.
11.   Schmidt, P., Koch, T.J., February, E., 2022, Archaeological adhesives made from Podocarpus document innovative potential in the African Middle Stone Age, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119, 40, Article number: e2209592119.
12.   Schmidt, P., Koch, T.J., Berthold, C., Lauxmann, F., Nickel, K.G., 2022, The evolution of strength, elasticity and rupture behaviour of birch tar made with ‘double-pot’ techniques during tar cooking, Archaeometry, published online since 17/08/2022, DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12820.
13.   Schürch, B., Wettengl, S., Fröhle, S., Conard, N., Schmid, P., 2022, The origin of chert in the Aurignacian of Vogelherd Cave investigated by infrared spectroscopy, PLoS ONE, 17, 8, Article number: e0272988.
14.   Namen, A., Schmid, P., Varis, A., Taimagambetov, Z., Iovita, R., 2022, Preference for Porphyry: Petrographic Insights into Lithic Raw Material Procurement from Palaeolithic Kazakhstan, Journal of Field Archaeology, 47, 7, p. 435-450.
15.   Koch, T.J., Schmidt, P., 2022, The unique laurel‑leaf points of Volgu document long‑distance transport of raw materials in the Solutrean, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 14, Article number: 101.
16.   Namen, A., Iovita, R., Nickel, K.G., Varis, A., Taimagambetov, Z., Schmid, P. 2022, Mechanical properties of lithic raw materials from Kazakhstan: Comparing chert, shale, and porphyry, PLoS ONE, 17, 4, Article number: e0265640
17.   Koch, T.J., Schmidt, P., 2022, A new method for birch tar making with materials available in the Stone Age, Scientific Reports, 12, Article number: 413.
18.   Namen, A., Cuthbertson, P., Varis, A., Schmid, P., Taimagambetov, Z., Iovita, R., 2022, Preliminary results of the first lithic raw material survey in the piedmont zones of Kazakhstan, Asian Archaeology, 6, p 53–64.
19.   Schmidt, P. 2021, Steak tournedos or beef Wellington – An attempt to understand the meaning of Stone Age transformative techniques, Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 8, Article number: 280.
20.   Schmidt, P., Blessing, M.A., Koch, T.J., Nickel, K.G., 2021, On the performance of birch tar made with different techniques, Heritage Science, 9, Article number: 140.
21.   Watson, S., Nasoordeen, S., Grote, M.N., Mackay, A., Schmidt, P., 2021, What causes differences in fracture rates of silcrete during heat treatment? A near-infrared study of water-related transformations in South African silcretes, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 39, Article number: 103162.
22.   Bachellerie, J., Schmidt, P., 2021, Recognizing heat-treated chert: A comparison between infrared spectroscopy and fracture surface analysis, Archaeometry, 64, 1, p. 39-58.
23.   Blessing, M.A. Schmidt, P., 2021, On the efficiency of Palaeolithic birch tar making, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 38, Article number: 103096
24.   Koch, T.J., Schmidt, P., 2021, The formation conditions of birch tar in oxygen-depleted environments, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 13, Article number: 92.
25.   Schmidt, P., Rodriguez, A., Yanamandra, K., Behera, R.K., Iovita, R. 2020, The mineralogy and structure of use-wear polish on chert, Scientific Reports, 10, Article number: 21512.
26.   Velliky, E.C., Schmidt, P., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Wolf, S., Conard, N.J., 2020, Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany, Journal of Human Evolution, 150, Article number: 102900.
27.   Key, A., Pargeter, J., Schmidt, P., 2020, Heat treatment significantly increases the sharpness of silcrete stone tools, Archaeometry, 63, 3, p. 447-466.
28.   Schmidt, P., Hiscock, P., 2020, Early silcrete heat treatment in Central Australia: Puritjarra and Kulpi Mara, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12, Article number: 188.
29.   Schmidt, P., Stynder, D., Conard, N.J., Parkington, J.E., 2020, When was silcrete heat treatment invented in South Africa?, Palgrave Communications, 6, Article number: 73.
30.   Schmidt, P., Hiscock, P., 2020, The antiquity of Australian silcrete heat treatment: Lake Mungo and the Willandra Lakes, Journal of Human Evolution, 142, published online since 20/03/2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102744.
31.   Bachellerie, J., Schmidt, P., 2020, First Results on Understanding the Shiny Surfaces of Heat-Treated Chert, Lithic Technology, published online since 23/06/2020, DOI: 10.1080/01977261.2020.1782590.
32.   Schmidt, P., Rageot, M., Blessing, M., Tennie, C., 2020, The Zandmotor data do not resolve the question whether Middle Paleolithic birch tar making was complex or not, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 9, p. 4456-4457.
33.   Pargeter, J., Schmidt, P., 2020, 'Simple' surface-fire heat treatment significantly improves silcrete flake quality and flaking efficiency, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 30, p. 102203.
34.   Lauer, C., Haußmann, S., Schmidt, P., Fischer, C., Rapp, D., Berthold, C., Nickel, K.G.,  2020, On the Relation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and the Macromechanical Properties of Sea Urchin Spines, Advanced Engineering Materials, published online since 29/10/2019, DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900922.
35.   Schmidt, P., Morala, A., 2020, Are we Missing out on Half of all Heat-treated Pieces in the Solutrean?, Lithic Technology, 45, 11 p. 48-58.
36.   Schmidt, P., Blessing, M., Rageot, M., Iovita, R., Pfleging, J., Nickel, K.G., Righetti, L., Tennie, C., 2019, Birch tar production does not prove Neanderthal behavioral complexity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116, 36, p. 17707–17711.
37.   Nash, D.J., Coulson, S., Schmidt, P., 2019, Heat treatment of Kalahari and Cape silcretes: impacts upon silcrete chemistry and implications for geochemical provenancing, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, published online since 29/10/2019, DOI: 10.1007/s12520-019-00947-9.
38.   Lauer, C., Haußmann, S., Schmidt, P., Fischer, C., Rapp, D., Berthold, C., Nickel, K.G.,  2019, On the Relation of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and the Macromechanical Properties of Sea Urchin Spines, Advanced Engineering Materials, published online since 29/10/2019, DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900922.
39.   Borrell, F., Bosch, J., Gibaja. J.-F., Schmidt, P., Terradas. X., 2019, The status of imported Barremian-Bedoulian flint in north-eastern Iberia during the Middle Neolithic. Insights from the variscite mines of Gavà (Barcelona), PLoS ONE, accepted Manuscript since 17/10/2019.
40.   Schmidt, P., Hiscock, P., 2019, Evolution of Silcrete heat treatment in Australia - A regional pattern on the south-east coast and its evolution over the last 25 ka, Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 2, 1, p. 74-97. DOI: 10.1007/s41982-019-0020-7
41.   Schmidt, P., 2019, How reliable is the visual identification of heat treatment on silcrete? A quantitative verification with a new method, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11, 2, p. 713–726. DOI: 10.1007/s12520-018-0710-y. [pdf]
42.   Schmidt, P., Buck, G., Berthold, C., Lauer, C., Nickel, K.G., 2019, The mechanical properties of heat-treated rocks: a comparison between chert and silcrete, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11, 6, p. 2489-2506.
43.   Dragoi, B., Laurent, G., Casale, S., Benamor, T., Lebeau, B., Boissière, C., Ribot, F., Selmane, M., Schmidt, P., Kreher, D., Davidson, A., 2019, Stability and degradation of PEO₂₀PPO₇₀PEO₂₀ triblock copolymers in mesostructured silica, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 91(3), 552-566.
44.   Stolarczyk, R.E., Schmidt, P., 2018, Is early silcrete heat treatment a new behavioural proxy in the Middle Stone Age?, PLoS ONE, 13, 10, p. e0204705. [pdf]
45.   Schmidt, P., Högberg, A., 2018, Heat treatment in the Still Bay - A case study on Hollow Rock Shelter, South Africa, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 21, p. 712-720. [pdf]
46.   Schmidt, P., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Floss, H., 2018, The unique Solutrean laurel-leaf points of Volgu: heat-treated or not?, Antiquity, accepted since 19/10/2017, DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2018.87. [pdf]
47.   Stempfle, S., Linstädter, J., Nickel, K.G., Mikdad, A., Schmidt, P., 2018, Early Neolithic pottery of Ifri n'Etsedda, NE-Morocco – Raw materials and fabrication techniques, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 19, p. 200-212. [pdf]
48.   Schmidt, P., Morala, A., 2018, First insights into the technique used for heat treatment of chert at the Solutrean site of Laugerie-Haute, France, Archaeometry, published online since 05/02/2018, DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12358. [pdf]
49.   Schmidt, P., Spinelli Sanchez, O., Kind, C.-J., 2017, Stone heat treatment in the Early Mesolithic of southwestern Germany: Interpretation and identification, PLoS ONE, 12, 12, p. e0188576.
50.   Schmidt, P., February, E., Bretzke, K., Bellot-Gurlet, L., 2017, Tempering-residue on heat-treated silcrete: an experimental perspective and a potential analytical protocol, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 15, p. 611-619. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.08.014. [pdf]
51.   Schmidt, P., Nash, D.J., Coulson, S., Göden, M.B., Awcock, G.J., 2017 Heat treatment as a universal technical solution for silcrete use? A comparison between silcrete from the Western Cape (South Africa) and the Kalahari (Botswana). PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181586. [pdf]
52.   Schmidt, P., Lauer, C., Buck, G., Miller, C.E., Nickel., K.G., 2017, Detailed near-infrared study of the 'water'-related transformations in silcrete upon heat treatment, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 44, 2, p. 21-31. DOI: 10.1007/s00269-016-0833-6. [pdf]
53.   Milot, J., Siebenaller, L., Béziat, D., Léa, V., Schmidt, P., Binder, D., 2017, Formation of Fluid Inclusions during Heat Treatment of Barremo-Bedoulian Flint: Archaeometric Implications, Archaeometry, 59, 3, p. 417-434. DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12256 [pdf]
54.   Porraz, G., Igreja, M., Schmidt, P., Parkington J. E., 2016, A shape to the microlithic Robberg from Elands Bay Cave (South Africa), Southern African Humanities, 29, p. 203–47. [pdf]
55.   Porraz, G., Schmid, V. C., Miller, C. E., Tribolo, C., Cartwright, C. R., Charrié-Duhaut, A., Igreja, M., Mentzer, S., Mercier, N., Schmidt, P., Conard, N. J., Texier, P.-J., Parkington J. E., 2016, Update on the 2011 excavation at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) and the Verlorenvlei Stone Age, Southern African Humanities, 29, p. 33–68. [pdf]
56.   Schmidt, P., Paris, C., Bellot-Gurlet, L., 2016, The investment in time needed for heat treatment of flint and chert. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 8, 4, p. 839–848.4 [pdf]
57.   Delagnes, A., Schmidt, P., Douze, K., Wurz, S., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Conard, N.J., Nickel, K.G., van Niekerk, K.L., Henshilwood, C.S., 2016, Early Evidence for the Extensive Heat Treatment of Silcrete in the Howiesons Poort at Klipdrift Shelter (Layer PBD, 65 ka), South Africa, PLoS ONE, 11(10): e0163874. [pdf]
58.   Schmidt, P., Mackay, A., 2016, Why Was Silcrete Heat-Treated in the Middle Stone Age? An Early Transformative Technology in the Context of Raw Material Use at Mertenhof Rock Shelter, South Africa, PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149243. [pdf]
59.   Schmidt , P., 2016, The 'sand-bath' and lithic heat treatment in the South African Middle Stone Age: myth or reality?, African Archaeological Review, 33, 2, p. 99-105. [pdf]
60.   Schmidt , P., Porraz, G., Bellot-Gurlet, L., February, E., Ligouis, B., Paris, C., Texier, J.P., Parkington, J.E., Miller, C.E., Nickel, K.G., Conard, N.J., 2015, A previously undescribed organic residue sheds light on heat treatment in the Middle Stone Age, Journal of Human Evolution, 85,p. 22-34. [pdf]
61.   Schmidt, P., 2014, What causes failure (overheating) during lithic heat treatment?, Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 6, 2, p. 107-112. [pdf]
62.   Schmidt, P., Bellot-Gurlet, L. Léa, V., Sciau, P., 2014, Moganite detection in silica rocks using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, European Journal of Mineralogy, 25, 5, p. 797-805. [pdf]
63.   Schmidt, P., Porraz, G., Slodczyk, A., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Archer, W., Miller, C., 2013, Heat treatment in the South African Middle Stone Age: temperature induced transformations of silcrete and their technological implications, Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 9, p. 3519-3531. [pdf]
64.   Porraz, G., Parkington, J.E., Rigaud, J.-P., Miller, C.E., Poggenpoel, C., Tribolo, C., Archer, W., Cartwright, C.R., Charrié-Duhaut, A., Dayet, L., Igreja, M., Mercier, N., Schmidt, P., Verna, C., Texier, P.-J., 2013, The MSA sequence of Diepkloof and the history of southern African Late Pleistocene populations, Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 9, p. 3542-3552. [pdf]
65.   Schmidt, P., Léa, V., Sciau, P., et Fröhlich, F., 2013, Detecting and quantifying heat treatment of flint and other silica rocks: A new non-destructive method applied to heat-treated flint from the Neolithic Chassey culture, southern France, Archaeometry, 55, 5, p. 794-805. [pdf]
66.   Schmidt, P., Slodczyk, A., Léa, V., Davidson, A., Puaud, S., Sciau, P., 2013, A comparative study of the thermal behaviour of length-fast chalcedony, length-slow chalcedony (quartzine) and moganite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 40, 4, p. 331–340. [pdf]
67.   Fernandes, P., Raynal, J.-P., Tallet, P., Tuffery, C., Piboule, M., Séronie-Vivien, M., Séronie-Vivien, M.-R., Turq, A., Morala, A., Affolter, J., Millet, D., Millet, F., Bazile, F., Schmidt, P., Foucher, P., Delvigne, V., Liagre, J., Gaillot, S., Morin, A., Moncel, M.-H., Garnier, J.-F., Léandri-Bressy, C., 2013, Une carte et une base de données pour les formations à silex du sud de la France : un outil pour la pétroarchéologie, PALEO, 24, p. 219-228. [pdf]
68.   Schmidt, P., Masse, S., Laurent, G., Slodczyk, A., Le Bourhis, E., Perrenoud, C., Livage, J. et Fröhlich, F., 2012, Crystallographic and structural transformations of sedimentary chalcedony in flint upon heat treatment, Journal of Archaeological Science 39, 1, p. 135-144. [pdf]
69.   Schmidt, P., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Slodczyk, A., et Fröhlich, F., 2012, A hitherto unrecognised band in the Raman spectra of silica rocks: influence of hydroxylated Si–O bonds (silanole) on the Raman moganite band in chalcedony and flint (SiO2), Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 39, 6, p. 455-464. [pdf]
70.   Schmidt, P., Badou, A. et Fröhlich, F., 2011, Detailed FT near-infrared study of the behaviour of water and hydroxyl in sedimentary length-fast chalcedony, SiO2, upon heat treatment, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 81, 1, p. 552-559. [pdf]
71.   Schmidt, P. and Fröhlich, F., 2011, Temperature dependent crystallographic transformations in chalcedony, SiO2, assessed in mid infrared spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 78, 5, p. 1476-1481. [pdf]
72.   Schmidt, P., 2009, Characterisation and Geological Provenance of Jasper that was used for Debitages in the Archaeological Site of Tabon Cave, Philippines, Hukay 14, p. 1-24

German, English, French, Spanish, basic spoken Italian

publons.com/a/1357203/

(A detailed list of editorial work can be viewed at Schmidt's Publons profile)

07/2013 - present: Member of the editorial board of the journal Archaeological and Anthropological Science (Springer).

02/2020 – present: Member of the Peer Community in Archaeology (PCI Archaeology)