Who decides if new drugs are funded and based on what criteria? Specialized "health technology assessment" (HTA) agencies in many countries evaluate new medicines based on their cost to health systems and benefits to patients. However, in recent years, alternative access schemes have enabled funding for expensive drugs that either fail HTA evaluation or bypass it altogether. Schemes like the Cancer Drugs Fund in England have grown in use, yet little is understood about their decision-making processes or impact.
This project investigates the emergence of alternative access schemes, the criteria they use to make funding decisions, and their implications for patients and public finances. By providing an overview of such schemes across Europe and conducting in-depth analyses in selected countries, this research sheds light on how these programs shape access to new medicines. This project contributes to ongoing debates about the affordability and sustainability of present-day drug innovation.
Wer entscheidet, ob neue Medikamente finanziert werden und auf welcher Grundlage? In vielen Ländern bewerten spezialisierte Institutionen für "Health Technology Assessment" (HTA) neue Medikamente hinsichtlich ihrer Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und ihres Nutzens für die Patient*innen. Neben diesem standardisierten Prozess gibt es außerdem alternative Zugangsprogramme (sog. „alternative access schemes“), wie z.B. Härtefallregelungen (sog. „Compassionate Use Programme“). In der jüngsten Vergangenheit ist ein Anstieg der Medikamente zu beobachten, die über alternative Zugangsprogramme finanziert werden, obwohl sie keinen systematischen Bewertungsprozess durchlaufen haben oder diesen nicht bestanden haben. Diese Alternativen Zugangsprogramme werden immer häufiger genutzt, doch ihre Entscheidungsprozesse und Auswirkungen sind kaum erforscht.
Dieses Projekt untersucht, warum alternative Zugangsprogramme entstanden sind, welche Kriterien bei deren Entscheidungen eine Rolle spielen und welche Folgen das für Patient*innen und öffentliche Finanzen hat. Die Forschungsergebnisse liefert einen Überblick über solche Programme in Europa und analysiert die Verfahren und Kriterien ausgewählter Länder im Detail. Damit trägt das Projekt zu den aktuellen Debatten über die Bezahlbarkeit und Nachhaltigkeit neuer Arzneimittel bei.
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