Exploring New Methods for Applied Ethics
Summer School 2020/21, University of Tübingen
Online Meeting 2020: 2nd-4th July
Hybrid Meeting 2021: 30th June-3rd July
In recent years, more and more philosophers working in areas other than applied ethics – areas such as metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science – have turned their attention to publicly debated issues, including issues around gender, race, power, climate change, epistemic injustice, conspiracy theories, fake news, and post-truth. Since the tools and methods employed in these different disciplines vary greatly, both between themselves and in relation to the traditional methods of applied ethics, there are interesting methodological questions that this new body of work gives rise to. This Summer School aims to foster a conversation about methodology between applied ethicists and philosophers from other areas who work on real-world challenges.
Keynote Speakers
Jessie Munton
(University of Cambridge) (2020)
Georgi Gardiner (University of Tennessee, Knoxville) (2021)
Henry S. Richardson (Georgetown University, Washington, DC)
Thomas Schramme (University of Liverpool)
More on the Topic
Over the last decade, we have witnessed a number of developments – continuing global warming, the rise of right-wing populism, advances in artificial intelligence, self-driving vehicles, CRISPR, to name a few prominent examples – that confront our societies with difficult decisions, rendering applied ethics more relevant than ever. There are four long-established approaches in applied ethics that have been developed to tackle these sorts of issues:
- Monistic top-down: applying one of the grand normative ethical theories in order to derive particular moral judgments.
- Pluralistic top-down: applying a plurality of basic moral principles and resolving conflicts between them, e.g. through intuitive balancing.
- Reflective equilibrium: going back and forth between ethical theories, principles and particular moral judgments, and making adjustments on all levels.
- Bottom-up: inductively deriving particular moral judgments by analysing a set of analogous cases.
For each of these approaches, there is a broad variety of more specific methods that fall under it, and some scholars, especially in applied ethics, have developed hybrid methods that combine elements from different approaches and cross the boundaries that the above taxonomy draws.
Still, despite these lively methodological debates within applied ethics, the above approaches face a set of familiar problems that tend to haunt the more specific methods and hybrids developed on their basis as well: monistic top-downers are forced to presuppose a highly controversial ethical theory, pluralistic top-downers and bottom-uppers face arbitrariness charges, the reflective equilibrium method is said to inherit the problems of coherence theories of justification, and so forth. In addition to these approach-specific problems, there are also some very challenging questions concerning methodology that applied ethicists have been raising for a long time: for example, questions about the way in which they rely on moral intuitions, about the role of empirical claims, and about how to appropriately collaborate with the empirical sciences.
At the same time, philosophers working in other areas have also shown increased interest in leaving the ivory tower and tackling real-world problems. Epistemologists, for instance, have ventured into new territory by exploring publicly debated phenomena like epistemic injustice, fake news and conspiracy theories, using new frameworks like that of epistemic virtue theory. Philosophers of language have adapted existing theories and distinctions and developed new ones to expose the workings of racist and sexist speech. Metaphysicians have made an attempt to breathe new life into the age-old bioethical debate on abortion by using the machinery of contemporary metaphysics to address questions about pregnancy and birth, or about the identity and persistence of organisms. Moral psychologists and experimental philosophers have argued that their findings about moral decision-making cast doubt on both traditional moral theorizing (see (1)-(4) above) and common-sense notions of how to make people care about important issues like climate change. Philosophers of science and decision theorists are debating how computational models and decision-theoretic tools can be used in justifications of climate change policies. Conceptual engineers encourage us to scrutinize our concepts with a view to developing a conceptual repertoire that suits our practical concerns. And, political philosophy has entered a phase of growing suspicion of so-called ideal theory.
As these examples show, this new body of work relies on a variety of tools and methods many of which don't seem to fit into the above taxonomy. This includes traditional philosophical methods, such as conceptual analysis and deductive reasoning, the application of familiar philosophical frameworks to new issues, and experimental and computational methods borrowed from other disciplines. With this in mind, it makes sense to ask whether and how these methods can help to address currently relevant problems and how they are related to the established approaches in applied ethics.
In light of this state of affairs, we aim to bring together applied ethicists and philosophers from other areas working on publicly debated issues, both with an interest in methodology. The aim of our three-day Summer School is
- to re-examine the traditional approaches (1)-(4), new objections to/defences of them, and any smaller trends in the methodology of applied ethics,
- to consider whether and how applied ethicists could learn from applied work done by philosophers in other areas, if the former could expand their toolkit by incorporating methods and tools deployed by the latter, etc., and finally
- to consider whether and how philosophers from other areas interested in current social and political debates could benefit from engaging with work done by applied ethicists
– in short, how a fruitful exchange between the two groups could be established.
Hybrid Meeting 2021
We warmly welcome interested participants to all talks of the Summer School on Zoom.
To get access, please write an email to the organizers: Irina Schumski, Eugen Pissarskoi, Thomas Grote.
Schedule (CEST-Time)
Wednesday (30.06.) | Thursday (01.07.) | Friday (02.07.) | Saturday (03.07.) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
9:30-10:30 am |
| 10:00 am: Welcome & Introduction | Optional: Informal Meetings | Workshop: Compiling Results |
10:30-10:45 |
| Break | Break | Break |
10:45-12:00 am |
| Martin Sticker Expanding and Applying the Formula of Humanity: Desiderata and Prospects | Nora Heinzelmann Extremists are More Confident | Max Kiener The Legal Turn Chair: Norbert Paulo |
12:00-1:45 pm |
| Lunch Break | Lunch Break | Lunch Break |
1:45-3:00 pm |
| Felix Pinkert Beyond Cheap Reassurance: The Moral Imperative for Transparently Non-Discriminatory Hiring Practices Chair: Thorben Knobloch | Interactive Discussion Session | Wrap-Up Discussion |
3:00-3:15 pm |
| Break | Break |
|
3:15-4:30 pm |
| Adrienne De Ruiter In Medias Res: Practicing Applied Ethics in the COVID-19 Crisis Chair: Eugen Pissarskoi | Gabriele Celli How to Determine the Sufficient Conditions to Contextually Silence a Speaker Using Philosophy of Language Chair: Felix Pinkert |
|
4:30-4:45 pm |
| Break | Break |
|
4:45-6:00 pm |
| Norbert Paulo Moral Disagreement in Theories of Practical Ethics Chair: Thomas Grote | Peter Königs Practical Guidance and the Invisibility of Doubt Chair: Eva Düringer |
|
6:00-6:15 pm |
| Break | Break |
|
6:15-7:45 pm | Keynote: Henry Richardson An Ethical Framework for Global Vaccine Allocation | Keynote: Thomas Schramme How Bad is Death? Chair: Cordula Brand | Keynote: Georgi Gardiner Trauma’s Trilemma: On Self-Deception, Distraction, and Self-Respect Chair: Konstantin Genin |
|
After 7:45 pm | Dinner | Dinner / Gathertown | Dinner / Gathertown |
|
Online Meeting 2020
Schedule
Day 1: Thursday 02.07. | Day 2: Friday 03.07. | Day 3: Saturday 04.07. | |
---|---|---|---|
14:30-15:30 | Welcome & Introduction | Gabriele CelliRape Myths and Courtroom Cross-Examinations: How Contextual Silencing Arises from Shared Presuppositions in Contexts | Nora HeinzelmannEthical Judgements about New Genetic Technologies |
15:30-16:30 | Jaana VirtaAlief as a Tool to Describe How We Follow Social Norms | Adrienne de RuiterTestimonies in Applied Ethics: Reflections on the Opportunities and Challenges Involved in the Use of Witness Accounts for Normative Analysis | Richard LohseReflective Equilibrium without Coherentism: What's Left and Why It's Worth It |
17:00-18:00 | Thomas SchrammeUsing Models in Applied Ethics: Learning from Philosophy of Science | Jessie MuntonEpistemic Norms for Search Engines | Henry RichardsonThe Division of Moral Labor as a Background to Applied Ethics |
18:00-19:00 | Anne-Marie Gagné-JulienBeyond Conceptual Analysis: Social Objectivity as a New Method to Define Health and Disease | Nadia MehdiTelling the Stories of 'Others': Representations, Misrepresentations, Solutions | Further Planning |
Format of the Online Meeting
The Online Summer School will take place from 2-4 July 2020. The sessions will start each day at 2:30pm Central European Time and finish at 7pm Central European Time.
Structure of the Sessions
The Online Summer School will be a pre-read event. The speakers will make their papers available in advance, and the sessions will have a 5-10-minute introduction by the author (a quick summary of the main claims and arguments or some background), followed by a 5-10 minute response delivered by a commentator and an in-depth discussion of the paper. The papers for the pre-read sessions should be made available by June 20, 2020. Only Jessie Munton will give a talk entitled “Epistemic Norms for Search Engines” which does not require any reading in advance.
Core Discussant Groups
A pre-read event requires a lot of preparatory work. In order to keep it manageable, we decided to divide responsibilities. For each pre-read session, there will be – in addition to author & commentator – a “Core Discussant Group” consisting of at least four other participants who commit to reading the paper and preparing questions and comments. This way, each participant will only have to commit to reading a maximum of 2 papers in addition to the 2 keynote papers. For the keynote sessions, we assume that everyone wants to read the papers and thus be a member of the Core Discussant Group.
Audience
In addition to the sessions where you have an active role (speaker, commentator or core discussant), everybody is more than welcome to join any of the other sessions. As a participant of the Summer School, you don’t have to register for this in any way – just dial in.
Access
The online platform for the Summer School is a group created on a Microsoft server provided by the University of Tübingen and accessed by the MS-Teams client. The papers will be accessible for download there, within the channel of the relevant speaker.
In order to get access to the group on MS-Teams, please contact Vanessa Weihgold (vanessa.weihgoldspam prevention@izew.uni-tuebingen.de) by email.
Call for Abstract
We are pleased to invite early career researchers and graduate students to submit extended abstracts (1000 words) that are anonymised for blind review by March 31, 2020. Submissions may - but do not have to - focus on the following topic:
- the methodology of applied ethics
- the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods in applied ethics (top-down vs. bottom-up, monism vs. pluralism, reflective equilibrium, specificationism, and so on)
- methodological reflections on specific examples of work in applied ethics
- the application of tools and methods from other areas of philosophy to issues of public concern, for instance
- the use of epistemological concepts and tools in accounts of fake news, post-truth, epistemic injustice, conspiracy theories, among others
- the use of metaphysical concepts and tools in accounts of sex, gender, race, pregnancy, and birth, among others
- the use of concepts and tools from the philosophy of language in accounts of sexist and racist speech, pornography, among others
- the use of mathematic models in accounts of social dynamics like inequity and the spread of misinformation, among others
- the use of decision theoretic tools in policy-oriented work on climate change and artificial intelligence, among others
- the tools and methods of ideal and non-ideal political philosophy, respectively, and how they differ
- the alleged value-neutrality of “theoretical disciplines” such as metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of mind
- connections between topics in a) and b)
In order to submit an abstract, please follow this link: https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=methodsforethics1
All accepted speakers will be asked to submit a full version of their paper by June 20, 2020. Their travel and accommodation costs will be covered in compliance with the University of Tübingen's policies.
Organizers
The Summer School is organized by Irina Schumski (Department of Philosophy), Thomas Grote (Ethics and Philosophy Lab at the Cluster of Excellence 'Machine Learning'), and Eugen Pissarskoi (International Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities). It is funded by the Excellence Strategy at the University of Tübingen and the International Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities.
If you have questions, please contact Irina Schumski.