Morphology is the linguistic discipline that deals with word structure, whereas syntax deals with sentence structure. Together, they describe how morphemes combine into words, which combine into phrases, which combine into sentences.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a word. There are root morphemes, which have an inherent, lexical meaning (e.g. bake), and there are affixes, which are usually very short and have a functional meaning (e.g. 3rd-person 's'). Take a look at the following words:
- trees
- unhappy
- eats
- discolouration
- releasing