Institute of Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology

Movila lui Deciov

Research in summer 2019

In August 2019, the excavations resumed in the previous year were continued on the multi-period site Movila lui Deciov as a joint project of the University of Tübingen with the Museum of the Banat. The two excavation trenches excavated in the previous year were reopened, enlarged and the central bulk profile  removed. The result is a single NNE-SSW-oriented excavation trench with an area of 10 x 4.5 m .

It is a multi-layered settlement with at least three documented Early Neolithic settlement phases from the period between approx. 6000-5500 calBC (so far nine 14C samples, more have been commissioned). This makes it not only one of the earliest Neolithic sites in the region between Dudeştii Vechi and Sânnicolau Mare, but also shows an accumulation of layers from various phases of the Early Neolithic, which provides the basis for  chronological data modelling. Also we received the first date from one of the four Copper Age graves (early Tiszapolgár), that were uncovered in summer 2018 dating to the time around 4600 calBC. Two of the burials contained jewelry sets made from numerous bone beads, one of which was combined with four small copper rolls. According to the now available radiocarbon date, these finds belong to the oldest horizon of metal use in SE Europe.

The Early Neolithic layers are removed very carefully. Since the last excavation campaign, the sediment has been completely sieved and selected features have also been flotated. We know from test drillings, that our excavation work has now reached the top of the oldest Neolithic settlement layer.

Finds of painted ceramics and the use of flint raw materials from the areas south of the Lower Danube reveal networks of the residents of Movila lui Deciov with the Early Neolithic groups in the Balkans. On the other hand, the increased use of aquatic resources (fish, snails, mussels and aquatic plants), similarly proved at the site Bucova Pusta IV, shows a diet  unusual for a Neolithic population. The use of obsidian from the northern Carpathian arch is a sign of exchange relationships with those areas in the northeastern part of the Carpathian basin that still had a completely Mesolithic way of life at this time.