University Library

Gundert Portal

With the support of the German Research Foundation (DFG), the scientific estate of Hermann Gundert has been digitized and indexed in an international project. It is now available worldwide in a freely accessible portal.

Hermann Gundert

Hermann Gundert (1814 - 1893) studied theology from 1831-1835 at the Tübinger Stift, where he also learned Sanskrit and received his doctorate in 1835. He then went to England, where he learned other Indian languages, namely Bengali, Telugu, Marathi and Urdu. He then followed an English missionary to the east coast of India, before joining the Basel Mission in 1838 and traveling to Nettur, in the Malayalam language area, on their behalf. He also quickly mastered this language and founded a school for the study of Malayalam. It was he who wrote the first Malayalam grammar and a Malayalam-English dictionary, which is still in use today. His pioneering achievements also include the introduction of the 'cil' (˘) character in the Malayalam script and the orthographic distinction between long “e” േ and short “e” െ

As a missionary, he felt called to translate the Bible and other religious texts into Malayalam, but he did not stop at literary texts either and his legacy contains a wide range of different texts in Malayalam and Kanarese.

Due to his poor health, he had to leave India for good in 1859 and moved to Calw in the Black Forest, where he became an employee and later successor to Christian Barth's 'Calwer Verlagsverein'. He also continued to work in the fields of linguistics and religious history.

The bequest

The diversity of Gundert's interests is reflected in his estate: the collection includes grammars, spelling books and religious texts. But Gundert's literary interests and undertakings go far beyond this framework and it would be a gross underestimation of this scholar to reduce him to these two areas.

Rather, Hermann Gundert sought to understand an entire culture and to capture it in literature, and his legacy includes the famous works Indulekha and Kundalata, which are considered to be the first Malayalam novels. In addition to the modern literary works of his time, he also collected old texts from the Sanskrit and Malayali tradition; for example, there is the Sanskrit work Vajrasuci with a Malayalam commentary or Krsnagatha, a well-known poetic description of Krishna's life in Malayalam and many other surprises.

Gundert was particularly interested in the history of the origin of Kerala, as we find several versions of Kerala Pazhama or Keralolpatti.

Hermann Mögling, a close collaborator and confidant of Gundert, worked in the Kanarese (Kannada) language area bordering Kerala. Mögling was primarily concerned with this language. In addition to grammatical and lexical works, he also collected and edited proverbs and literary texts. The most important works of the Kannada tradition were to appear in his 'Bibliothekca Carnatica'. Although the series was never completed, the first 5 folio volumes contain some important texts on the religious and intellectual history of South India, such as the Cannabasava Purana, a hagiography by the poet and religious revolutionary Basava, or Karnataka Bharata, the extremely popular Canarese adaptation of the Mahabharata.
The various dictionaries in the estate should be interesting sources not only for linguists, but also for religious and cultural historians, as they are an excellent way of tracing the shift in the understanding of certain terms. These include the Kannada-Latin and Malayalam-Latin dictionaries compiled by various institutions for the missions in the Mysore area.

The Texts

The texts digitized as part of the Gundert project are mainly Malayalam, Kannada and Tulu prints and manuscripts. All relevant works from the 19th century that are in the University Library's holdings were included, even if they do not come from the Gundert bequest in the narrower sense. A few works in Tamil as well as English and German-language material written by Gundert and his closest collaborators have been added.

The texts that have already been digitized can be found at DigitalSouthAsia.

Persons involved

Project staff

Responsible for the project:
  • Dr. Marianne Dörr
  • Prof. Dr. Heike Oberlin
  • Dr. Gabriele Zeller

Project employee: Dr. Elena Mucciarelli

IT Support: Florian Wagner

Employees in India:

  • Shiju Alex
  • Sreenath V K
  • Sheena Kochunni
  • Narendran S.
  • Sugeesh G. Subhrahmanyam
  • Mukesh Kumar M

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